International Journal of Research and Development in Engineering Sciences

International Journal of Research and Development in Engineering Sciences

Double-Blinded Peer Reviewed Open Access Multidisciplinary Bimonthly Journal

  • ISSN (Online): 2582 - 4201
  • ESTD: 2019
  • IJRDES
  • DOI : 10.63328/ijrdes
  • ijrdes@jacksparrowpublisher.com
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The International Journal of Research and Development in Engineering Sciences , e-ISSN: 2582 - 4201 is an open access, Scholarly Peer Reviewed and Fully Referred Open Access Multidisciplinary Quarterly Research academic research journal for scientists, engineers, research scholars, and academicians, curisioty minds which gains a foothold in Asia and opens to the world, aims to publish Original Research , Theoretical, Editorial, Review and Practical advances in typically focuses on the Research and development and application of All Engineering and Science Branches along with various methods and techn...

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CURRENT ISSUE: [IJRDES 2026; 8(6 (November - December)) : ]

CURRENT ISSUE: Volume 8 (2026) , Issue 6 (November - December)

Anchoring Trust in Agentic AI:  A Cost and Security Evaluation of Tamper-Evident Audit Logs
Original Article
Anchoring Trust in Agentic AI: A Cost and Security Evaluation of Tamper-Evident Audit Logs

Hema Dega

  • Pages:pp.1 - 8
  • DOI:https://doi.org/10.63328/IJRDES-V8RI6P1DOI
  • Downloads:7
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Abstract

If an AI agent’s actions are logged, the log is only useful if nobody can quietly change it afterwards. A hash chain makes edits visible, but a determined insider who holds the signing key can rebuild the whole chain, and someone who simply cuts off the end of the log leaves a chain that still verifies. The standard remedy is to send periodic signed summaries, called anchors, to an outside witness. This paper works out what that costs and what it buys. We implemented a signed hash-chained log with Merkle batches, inclusion and consistency proofs, and an external witness, using real Ed25519 signatures and SHA-256, and attacked it with 300 real rewrites, edits and truncations for each of seven anchoring settings. We prove that the window of records an attacker can alter undetected is exactly the set of records since the last anchor (or last signed checkpoint, if the attacker has no key), and the attacks bore this out in every case. Anchoring cost and window length are tied by a simple invariant: the fraction of time spent anchoring times the window in seconds equals the cost of one anchor. Signing every record cost 54 µs against 8.4 for chain-only logging, but signing every 100 records was within measurement noise of chain-only. A full audit of 100,000 records took about 313 ms, while one Merkle inclusion proof for a million records was 20 hashes and verified in 24 µs. Without a witness, auditors who gossip can still catch a fork, and we give an exact formula for how long that takes. Finally, anchoring right after high-risk records beats uniform anchoring exactly when the high-risk records carry more than their share of the risk, and we give the break-even ratio. Timings come from one machine and the witness latency is modelled.

Keywords : Audit Logs, Merkle Trees, External Anchoring, Transparency Logs, Agent Accountability.

Authors : Hema Dega

Title : Anchoring Trust in Agentic AI: A Cost and Security Evaluation of Tamper-Evident Audit Logs

Volume/Issue : 2026;8(6 (November - December))

Page No : 1 - 8

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Anchoring Trust in Agentic AI: A Cost and Security Evaluation of Tamper-Evident Audit Logs

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Hema Dega , " Anchoring Trust in Agentic AI: A Cost and Security Evaluation of Tamper-Evident Audit Logs " , International Journal of Research and Development in Engineering Sciences (IJRDES), Volume 8, Issue 6 , pp 1 - 8 , November 2026. CrossRef DOI: https://doi.org/10.63328/ijrdes-v8ri6p1
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The International Journal of Research and Development in Engineering Sciences (IJRDES), published under Jack Sparrow Publishers, invites researchers, academicians, scholars, and industry professionals to submit high-quality original research papers for its Regular Issues. IJRDES welcomes innovative contributions in the fields of All Engineering and Science branches and focused on multidesciplinary research areas including emerging technologies.

IJRDES is dedicated to promoting high-quality scholarly research in the fields of Computer Science, Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Data Science, Quantum Computing, Cybersecurity, Cloud Computing, Internet of Things, Software Engineering, Robotics, Science and Emerging interdisciplinary technologies. The journal aims to provide a global platform for innovative ideas, advanced research findings, and practical solutions that contribute to scientific and technological progress.

All submitted manuscripts undergo a rigorous double-blinded peer-review process to ensure academic quality, originality, relevance, and publication ethics. Authors are encouraged to submit unpublished, well-structured, and plagiarism-free manuscripts that align with international publication standards.

Researchers and authors are invited to contribute their valuable work and become part of a growing academic community committed to innovation, excellence, and knowledge dissemination.

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The International Journal of Research and Development in Engineering Sciences (IJRDES), under Jack Sparrow Publishers, invites proposals for organizing conferences, seminars, and academic events in the fields of Computer Science, Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Data Science, Cyber Security, IoT, Cloud Computing, and related emerging technologies.

The conference should promote research innovation, academic collaboration, and knowledge sharing among students, researchers, academicians, and industry professionals. Submitted proposals must include the conference title, theme, objectives, organizing institution details, proposed dates, venue or online mode, keynote speakers, review committee, publication plan, and expected outcomes.

All papers must follow proper academic standards, plagiarism policies, peer-review procedures, and ethical publication guidelines. Selected quality papers may be considered for publication with IJRDES or Jack Sparrow Publishers, subject to editorial review and approval.

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Welcome to International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering Research 

The mission of " International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering Research (ISSN: 3107 - 8605)" is to interface with recent technologies in different fields and to provide its readers with up-to-date information. The goal of the journal is to host theoretical and practical aspects and reports on experimental activities concerning these technologies and to introduce new and emerging areas of these fields. it also provides a worldwide platform for researchers and encourages contributions from eminent and distinguished scholars and academicians, practitioners, and entrepreneurs working in these areas.

 

Dear Researcher, this is a Quaterly double blinded peer-reviewed Multidisciplinary journal that publishes original and high-quality articles covering a wide range of topics in Engineering, dedicated to promoting high standards in the creation and dissemination of scientific knowledge. This multidisciplinary international journal accepts research and review papers in the field of Engineering and other fields on the basis of its originality, importance, and interdisciplinary interest. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques and do not add anything new or unique to the science will normally be rejected. With its high standards of scientific quality, the International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering Research provides a meeting ground for researchers who investigate the newest problems related to Multidisciplinary fields. This is an open access journal, which means that all articles are available on the internet to all users immediately upon publication. Non-commercial use and distribution in any medium are permitted, provided the author and the journal are properly credited. Benefits of open access for authors include free access for all users worldwide, authors retain copyright to their work, increased visibility, and readership, rapid publication, no spatial constraints. Special issues dedicated to international conferences in the topics of the journal are brought out, as well. All submitted manuscripts are initially evaluated by the Editor and Reviwers, if are found suitable, are sent for further consideration, to peer reviewers for an independent and anonymous expert review process.

 

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IJRDES International Journal of Research and Development in Engineering Sciences

Double-Blinded Peer Reviewed Open Access Multidisciplinary Bimonthly Journal.

  • ISSN (Online): 2582 - 4201
  • DOI : 10.63328/ijrdes
  • ijrdes@jacksparrowpublisher.com

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