Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of numerous sensor nodes that operate collaboratively to monitor and transmit environmental or structural data. However, due to their limited power supply and computational capacity, energy efficiency remains one of the most critical challenges in WSN design. This paper presents the development of a power-efficient mechanism aimed at extending the network lifetime while maintaining reliable data transmission. The proposed approach focuses on optimizing energy consumption through techniques such as efficient clustering, adaptive routing, and dynamic duty cycling. By intelligently selecting cluster heads and minimizing redundant data transmission, the system significantly reduces overall energy usage. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism achieves improved energy balance among nodes, lower packet loss, and enhanced network stability compared to conventional protocols. This study provides an effective framework for building sustainable WSNs suitable for various applications, including environmental monitoring, industrial automation, and smart city systems.
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