E-learning has emerged as a transformative approach in modern education, enabling flexible, accessible, and cost-effective learning experiences. However, traditional e-learning systems often face challenges such as limited scalability, high maintenance costs, and performance issues. The integration of cloud computing into e-learning environments offers a promising solution to these limitations. Cloud-based e-learning platforms provide on-demand resources, data storage, and computational power that can be dynamically allocated based on user needs. This integration supports real-time collaboration, content sharing, and remote accessibility, enhancing both teaching and learning efficiency. Additionally, cloud computing ensures data security, system reliability, and cost optimization through virtualization and service-oriented architectures. This review explores the key benefits, architecture, and challenges of implementing cloud computing in e-learning systems. It also highlights future research directions, including adaptive learning models, data analytics, and the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in cloud-based education. The study concludes that cloud-enabled e-learning represents a sustainable and scalable solution for global education in the digital era.
